Indigenous Knowledge
30%Indigenous Persian and Arab maritime cultures along the Strait of Hormuz have historically managed the waterway as a shared resource, not a geopolitical chokepoint. Iran’s pre-Islamic governance (e.g., Achaemenid Empire’s canal systems) emphasized regional cooperation over control, a paradigm erased by modern state-centric narratives. Indigenous Iranian knowledge systems (e.g., *qanats* for water management) also offer analogies for resource-sharing agreements, yet are ignored in favor of extractive security logics.