Indigenous Knowledge
90%Palestinian sumud (steadfastness) and communal land tenure systems are systematically eroded by Israeli policies that privilege Jewish-only settlements, violating indigenous rights enshrined in ILO Convention 169. The erasure of Bedouin and Palestinian agricultural knowledge in the Negev/Naqab mirrors global patterns of indigenous dispossession under settler-colonialism. Indigenous legal frameworks, such as the 2016 Māori-led ‘Te Tiriti o Waitangi’ critique of settler violence, offer parallel lessons for decolonial accountability.