Indigenous Knowledge
80%The bloc’s cohesion reflects indigenous diplomatic traditions where sovereignty is negotiated through trade, religious networks, and shared cultural identity rather than imposed state structures. The Ottoman millet system’s legacy of pluralistic governance underpins Turkey’s role as a mediator, while Saudi Arabia’s Wahhabi-Sufi syncretism enables cross-sectarian alliances. These traditions prioritize stability over ideological purity, contrasting with Western state-centric models.