Indigenous Knowledge
70%Indigenous traditions emphasize circular material flows, such as the Māori practice of 'whakapapa' (relationship-based resource stewardship) or the African concept of 'ubuntu' (interconnectedness), which prioritize durability and local sourcing over extractive industrial models. These systems inherently resist the fragility of globalized supply chains by valuing redundancy and community-based production. However, Indigenous knowledge is systematically excluded from mainstream economic planning, despite its proven resilience in resource-scarce environments.