Indigenous Knowledge
20%Indigenous and traditional knowledge systems in South Asia often view drug use as a communal issue tied to trauma (e.g., Partition, war) rather than a legal offense, but these perspectives are sidelined in favor of punitive frameworks. Local Pakistani communities near trade routes may recognize smuggling as a survival strategy amid economic collapse, yet their insights are excluded from policy discussions. The absence of indigenous voices in this narrative reflects a broader erasure of grassroots solutions to systemic exploitation.