Indigenous Knowledge
30%Indigenous frameworks like the Māori *kaitiakitanga* (guardianship) or the African *ubuntu* ethos reject the commodification of nature central to oil markets, framing energy as a shared responsibility rather than a tradable asset. These perspectives highlight how extractive industries disrupt ecological balance, yet their insights are systematically excluded from financial discourse. The absence of indigenous land defenders’ warnings about pipeline risks in the ceasefire narrative underscores how speculative markets prioritize short-term gains over ecological and cultural survival.